Article 9 — Supremacy of the Constitution

1. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Any law, customary practice or a decision of an organ of state or a public official which contravenes this Constitution shall be of no effect. 2. All citizens, organs of state, political organizations, other associations as well as their officials have the duty to ensure observance of the Constitution and to obey it. 3. It is prohibited to assume state power in any manner other than that provided under the Constitution. 4. All international agreements ratified by Ethiopia are an integral part of the law of the land.