English
1. Judicial Powers, both at Federal and State levels, are vested in the courts.
2. Courts of any level shall be free from any interference of influence of any
governmental body, government official or from any other source.
3. Judges shall exercise their functions in full independence and shall be directed solely
by the law.
4. No judge shall be removed from his duties before he reaches the retirement age
determined by law except under the following conditions:
(a) When the Judicial Administration Council decides to remove him for violation of
disciplinary rules or on grounds of gross incompetence or inefficiency; or
(b) When the Judicial Administration Council decides that a judge can no longer carry
out his responsibilities on account of illness; and
(c) When the House of Peoples’ Representatives or the concerned State Council approves
by a majority vote the decisions of the Judicial Administration Council.
5. The retirement of judges may not be extended beyond the retirement age determined
by law.
6. The Federal Supreme Court shall draw up and submit to the House of Peoples’
Representatives for approval the budget of the Federal courts, and upon approval,
administer the budget.
7. Budgets of State courts shall be determined by the respective State Council. The House
of Peoples’ Representatives shall allocate compensatory budgets for States whose
Supreme and High courts concurrently exercise the jurisdiction of the Federal High Court
and Federal First-Instance Courts.
